Faith Lutheran Church Statistical Data & Congregation Trends History
Compiled By: Richard J. Gardner
Main Source: Congregational Parochial Reports
Congregation: Faith Lutheran Church  Golden CO 80401 
Rocky Mountain Synod  Conference: South Metro
Founded: September 19, 1960 Organized: February 5, 1961
From 1960 to 2008 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 %Chg
60-08
Baptized Membership 176 280 388 418 467 505 516 494 524 602 611 642 674 522 576 613 667 687 651 638 617 639 640 606 616 548 612 664 703 684 629 679 691 797 866 825 853 963 941 1047 1037 1082 *1149 *1192 *1232 *1268 *1285 *1330 *1346 664.8%

Members Received By:
a. Baptism: Children 10 18 22 16 19 12 14 16 6 18 15 7 13 7 11 12 13 20 23 17 13 13 15 16 15 23 23 15 28 23 22 20 21 25 17 22 30 24 24 25 22 13 12 12 9 11 8 13 13
b. Baptism: Adults 3 0 3 3 6 0 2 2 0 0 2 5 2 1 1 0 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 3 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 3 1 6 1 3 4 6 4 3 0 1 4 1 2 1 1 1
c. Affirmation Of Faith 0 13 13 27 12 13 6 0 9 0 1 8 1 0 12 10 6 0 11 9 0 18 0 47 20 19 15 2 19 5 3 8 0 35 15 20 7 34 21 50 17 9 53 50 34 7 34 32 9
d. Transfer From:
 1. ALC/ELCA Congregations               29 44 39 29 27 20 71 53 30 29 23 13 22 14 12 28 5 11 10 10 10 11 10 10 6 30 22 23 39 10 25 40 16 15 4 10 0 9 5 2 12 2
 2. Other Lutheran               35 22 35 42 15 41 0 15 10 26 25 25 67 13 29 23 22 19 0 15 29 15 23 10 8 15 18 15 13 9 12 5 4 12 24 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
e. From Non-Lutheran Cong.               13 4 3 9 4 7 8 0 18 24 31 15 3 0 20 22 0 10 0 17 10 14 12 11 20 35 25 12 23 6 35 19 1 9 16 0 6 4 0 4 0 0
f. Other & Stat. Adjustment 163 73 90 40 62 50 60 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Members added 176 104 128 86 99 75 82 95 85 95 98 70 84 87 92 80 99 101 88 120 42 92 88 93 76 130 81 70 90 74 57 66 104 126 88 118 65 134 115 119 78 66 76 72 59 45 49 58 25

Members Removed By:
a. Death 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 5 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 4 2 3 0 6 1 3 2 3 4 1 4 3 2 3 2 5 4 1 6 3 8 5 7 8
b. Transfer To:
 1. ALC/ELCA Congregations 0 0 8         10 17 12 11 18 20 52 25 24 21 28 5 50 29 25 37 25 23 30 6 12 10 29 18 0 30 12 7 18 17 14 5 2 24 12 7 18 14 1 19 6 1
 2. Other Lutheran 0 0 8         6 16 4 8 13 0 19 2 14 15 9 4 14 21 29 34 16 18 42 8 6 14 15 18 14 15 0 0 7 6 0 0 0 23 0 1 4 0 0 4 0 0
c. To Non-Lutheran Cong. 0 0 1 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 38 6 0 8 0 4 12 11 0 14 20 21 8 0 0 0 11 2 0 6 4 11 4 2 8 7 9 30 1 0 1 2 0 4 0 0
d. Other & Stat. Adjustment 0 0 5 51 44 36 69 101 22 0 70 0 0 46 5 0 0 42 110 57 4 14 0 65 0 116 0 0 19 39 71 0 38 0 0 126 9 0 122 0 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Members Removed 0 0 23 56 50 37 71 117 55 17 89 39 21 156 38 43 45 81 124 135 63 70 87 127 66 198 17 18 49 95 112 16 92 20 19 159 37 24 137 13 88 21 9 29 19 9 32 6 9

Membership Change 176 104 105 30 49 38 11 -22 30 78 9 31 63 -69 54 37 54 20 -36 -15 -21 22 1 -34 10 -68 64 52 39 -21 -55 50 12 106 69 -41 28 110 -22 106 -10 45 67 43 40 36 17 45 16

Baptized Youth Confirmed 0 4 10 14 3 14 10 10 10 17 0 12 17 11 10 16 15 13 14 15 4 14 15 9 12 19 10 13 12 8 10 14 7 12 12 11 14 23 10 14 18 6 8 11 0 12 11 10 8
Confirmed Membership 86 147 212 242 261 291 300 292 314 362 375 375 422 320 358 388 447 472 471 460 417 459 464 437 429 412 460 493 516 511 469 515 495 525 625 603 595 703 659 804 772 810 869 909 940 977 1002 1044 1064 1137.2%
Conf-Communing Members 58     226 237 229 216 246 203 223 284 122 297 334 305 377 373 380 340 335 327 315 372 394 330 412 370 438 516 511 469 494 495 525 610 603 550 625 659 804 772 810 869 905 936 940 940 970 982 1593.1%
Conf-Comm-Contrib. Members                                                         516 511 469 494 495 474 520 568 450 598 598 804 772 810 869 905 936 940 940 970 982 90.3%

Average Worship Attendance 1960 to 2008
116 172 268 264 302 284 256 206 216 218 219 204 223 205 255 259 308 279 294 288 271 277 248 269 291 280 326 286 290 274 285 259 272 360 377 419 443 490 501 535 501 514 454 377 330 *330 *350 *350 *370 219.0%
Year 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 %Chg

Percent Attending Worship 65.9% 61.4% 69.1% 63.2% 64.7% 56.2% 49.6% 41.7% 41.2% 36.2% 35.8% 31.8% 33.1% 39.3% 44.3% 42.3% 46.2% 40.6% 45.2% 45.1% 43.9% 43.4% 38.8% 44.4% 47.2% 51.1% 53.3% 43.1% 41.3% 40.%1 45.3% 38.1% 39.4% 45.2% 43.5% 50.8% 51.9% 50.9% 53.2% 51.1% 48.3% 47.5% 39.5% 31.6% 26.8% 26.0% 27.2% 26.3% 27.5% -58.3%

Racial/Ethnic Composition of Baptized Members
African American/Black                             0         0   0   0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Asian/Pacific Islander                             0         2   2   3   3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 8 0 8 3 3 9 9 9 8 8 10 13 14 12 13 15
Latino/Hispanic                             0         0   0   0   0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 16 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5
Amer. Indian/Alaska Native                             0         0   0   0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arab/Middle Eastern                                                                               0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multiethnic                                                                                       0 0 0 0 0 0
White                             576         636   637   603   544 607 659 700 680 625 675 687 789 858 810 850 938 922 1028 1018 1074 1141 1182 1219 1254 1268 1312 1326
Other                             0         0   0   0   1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Regular Giving Per Confirmed-Communing Member 26.95     59.87 74.30 91.78 87.95 79.20 104.73 103.24 92.39 204.92 97.53 100.57 125.14 185.28 170.93 191.12 249.27 271.56 281.71 318.94 301.13 327.93 449.45 367.65 409.52 579.56 407.90 291.53 319.15 414.54 430.58 445.09 403.00 468.60 536.91 564.71 550.49 480.26 541.21 605.49 753.72 744.05 727.84 759.73 819.09 798.24 800.04 2868.6%
Regular Giving Per CC Member in 1960 Dollars 26.95     57.71 70.77 86.30 81.31 71.16 91.45 86.51 73.45 153.84 70.20 70.08 82.11 109.52 92.61 97.87 119.86 121.35 112.90 112.62 96.40 98.85 131.28 102.96 110.70 153.75 104.45 71.71 74.91 92.31 92.02 92.35 81.18 92.01 102.85 105.02 100.67 86.44 94.85 103.63 126.96 123.36 117.96 119.89 122.60 113.39 658.09 2341.9%

Regular Giving by Members 1563 7613 12390 13530 17608 21018 18998 19484 21260 23023 26240 25000 28966 33590 38168 69851 63755 72624 84752 90972 92118 100466 112022 129204 148319 151473 151521 253847 210474 148973 149679 204784 213136 233673 245830 282564 295299 352943 362773 386126 417817 490443 654978 673364 681254 714144 769948 774294 785642 50165.0%
Designated Giving by Members 0 565 66382 675 1336 2993 0 284 100 1000 0 2000 1156 1800 2800 0 13678 6796 593 4826 0 1990 7878 6500 14980 30085 43265 4233 12111 52836 47569 0 0 0 27228 25235 6141 8536 90109 132000 79953 1843 67146 59480 9105 66964 68253 102308 127840 100.0%
Grants & Partnership Support 3000 5000 4100 5000 409 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 3463 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 446000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Total Income 4563 13178 82872 19205 21102 24461 21265 19768 35250 24196 26240 27000 30122 35390 45668 107891 272433 82644 97194 114241 94820 105426 123052 135704 167730 181558 194786 728280 227001 220027 203873 209784 236616 236464 275198 310444 329739 365626 458450 558343 507025 586638 768870 828567 714322 891428 959781 1054299 1058319 23093.5%

Current Operating Expenses 3021 8977 12391 10064 12908 12525 11486 11636 13140 13778 16460 17170 18281 21500 27937 34353 44147 45086 59196 60535 56940 70712 76100 89686 87428 126001 103929 96049 111944 114241 128510 126048 146706 181257 193170 211919 250355 279264 305499 380820 353742 439304 598226 581089 589624 646244 719548 814859 949167 31319.0%
Payments on Debts 250 3064 4022 7408 6806 6651 8683 6972 17980 7123 7120 7120 7794 7120 7120 4155 19647 21060 21060 21167 21060 21060 21060 21060 21060 21060 21060 149000 130140 68883 57265 57744 59425 51786 51036 51036 51036 51036 54600 71200 70176 70176 70176 79941 68580 68580 68400 68580 68580 27332.0%
Total Disbursements 4709 33710 82872 19239 21459 22818 22935 19671 32700 23221 26820 27000 30272 34200 41910 106385 73064 80463 94930 111256 92708 107857 114898 130333 147584 181314 151083 796654 393436 221138 210792 208043 226971 253929 264728 316938 332784 377789 450584 495895 470965 569740 729483 809922 873781 824354 877748 971942 1139698 24102.6%

Mission Support 150 1046 1620 1026 1619 2624 687 1024 1580 2321 2880 2530 3365 3290 4996 5530 6727 7885 9924 12190 13170 14433 15956 18342 20468 22746 22859 22700 24000 21149 18168 15204 16885 16837 16272 24051 27010 26870 29507 32720 37828 48258 40000 40000 40000 40000 40000 40000 42000 27900.0%
Mission Support as % of Current Operating Expenses, Debt Expenses & Mission Support 4.4% 8.0% 9.0% 5.6% 7.6% 12.0% 3.3% 5.2% 4.8% 10.0% 10.9% 9.4% 11.4% 10.3% 12.5% 12.6% 9.5% 10.7% 11.0% 13.0% 14.5% 13.6% 14.1% 14.2% 15.9% 13.4% 15.5% 8.5% 9.0% 10.4% 8.9% 7.6% 7.6% 6.7% 6.2% 8.4% 8.2% 7.5% 7.6% 6.8% 8.2% 8.7% 5.6% 5.7% 5.7% 5.3% 4.8% 4.3% 4.0% -9.1%

Mission Support as % of Regular Giving 9.6% 13.7% 13.1% 7.6% 9.2% 12.5% 3.6% 5.3% 7.4% 10.1% 11.0% 10.1% 11.6% 9.8% 13.1% 7.9% 10.6% 10.9% 11.7% 13.4% 14.3% 14.4% 14.2% 14.2% 13.8% 15.0% 15.1% 8.9% 11.4% 14.2% 12.1% 7.4% 7.9% 7.2% 6.6% 8.5% 9.1% 7.6% 8.1% 8.5% 9.1% 9.8% 6.1% 5.9% 5.9% 5.6% 5.2% 5.2% 5.4% -43.8%

Total ALC/ELCA Benevolence 150 1046 1620 1107 1619 2624 687 1063 1580 2321 3240 2530 3908 3660 6801 6819 9270 9716 11784 16991 14470 15833 16873 19350 23668 25254 25678 25000 24400 22902 22888 18204 19385 19334 18022 25701 28485 30832 29507 36945 39878 53108 43175 43540 41515 47940 45645 45140 50136 33324.0%
Other Benevolence 0 7 6 25 126 61 147 0 0 0 0 180 288 1260 52 7135 0 0 0 12563 230 252 865 237 439 1736 416 605 1952 1800 2069 2547 1455 1552 2500 2282 2908 7339 5978 6930 7169 7152 13376 21372 55133 8515 40143 35133 43754 100.0%

Baptized Membership 1960 to 2008
176 280 388 418 467 505 516 494 524 602 611 642 674 522 576 613 667 687 651 638 617 639 640 606 616 548 612 664 703 684 629 679 691 797 866 825 853 963 941 1047 1037 1082 *1149 *1192 *1232 *1268 *1285 *1330 *1346 664.8%
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 %Chg

Population of Congregation's ZIP Code 80401 for 1980, 1990, 1999-2000 and 2002-2008
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28084 - - - - - - - - - 31912 - - - - - - - - 35797 38580 - 37211 38744 38008 38008 37608 37428 37492 33.5%
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 %Chg

VALUE OF CONGREGATIONAL ASSETS

Church Edifice and Lot
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

 
$83,000
$83,000
$83,000
$83,000
$83,000
$127,694
$127,690
$127,690
$127,690
$127,690
$126,440
$126,440
$237,000
$415,000
$415,000
$415,000
$550,000
$577,500
$650,000
$650,000
$750,000
$750,000
$750,000
$785,000
$750,000
$1,250,000
$1,250,000
$1,250,000
$1,250,000
$1,250,000
$1,250,000
$1,250,000
$1,500,000
$1,250,000
$1,500,000
$1,100,000
$1,350,000
$1,500,000
$1,715,000
$1,715,000
$1,770,115
$1,565,044
$1,565,044
$1,565,044
$1,565,044
$1,565,044
$2,467,096

Parsonage(s) and Lot(s)
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

 
$17,000
$19,000
$19,000
$19,000
$19,000
$19,000
$19,000
$18,000
$18,000
$18,000
$18,000
$18,000
$25,000
$25,000
$28,400


Parish House and Lot $0

Other Real Estate
1960
1961

 
$18,000
$18,000


Endowment and Memorial Funds
1977
1978
1979
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2006
2007
2008

 
$679
$420
$500
$1,351
$3,556
$3,556
$3,500
$8,630
$3,500
$3,000
$5,000
$6,000
$5,500
$8,287
$6,000
$10,000
$39,253
$42,597
$36,988

Other Assets
1980
1989
1998
1999
2007
2008

 
$33,840
$3,564
$10,500
$17,000
$373,354
$1,617,253


Cash, Savings, Bonds, Etc.
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

 
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$269
$253
$2,910
$3,986
$5,750
$11,400
$7,654
$8,220
$16,310
$13,888
$16,023
$16,545
$20,624
$25,600
$3,080
$45,000
$60,000
$96,655
$121,940
$151,013
$200,252
$119,131
$10,847
$13,772
$0
$0
$0
$10,000
$26,783
$46,200
$35,153
$9,000
$7,000
$50,000
$120,520
$148,806
$205,071
$133,249
$173,110
$166,012
$132,872
$127,315
$167,807


Total Indebtedness
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

 
$35,000
$37,175
$86,700
$84,561
$82,860
$81,113
$77,094
$74,840
$76,580
$74,385
$72,220
$69,900
$67,417
$64,990
$62,669
$134,355
$192,287
$188,714
$183,565
$184,414
$174,296
$108,690
$163,096
$155,863
$150,000
$140,600
$130,000
$446,000
$497,784
$490,904
$490,000
$485,000
$479,054
$454,000
$450,000
$428,879
$414,527
$425,000
$748,000
$748,000
$748,000
$694,230
$670,534
$638,868
$648,565
$579,893
$544,591
$512,098
$471,213

Capital Improvements This Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

 
$0
$0
$75,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$660
$0
$53,923
$0
$4,601
$2,890
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$16,979
$7,263
$0
$526,000
$125,000
$0
$0
$3,500
$0
$0
$0
$26,000
$0
$749
$55,000
$0
$0
$0
$4,530
$83.980
$34,045
$53,075
$4,012
$8,230
$28,061


Wheelchair Accessible? Y    Community Context: Suburb of Large City Within 10 Miles

Size of Sunday School:
1960 - 78 Pupils and 11 Leaders
1961 - 120 Pupils and 13 Leaders
1962 - 172 Pupils and 13 Leaders
1963 - 187 Pupils and 11 Leaders
1964 - 173 Pupils and 10 Leaders
1965 - 159 Pupils and 10 Leaders
1966 - 180 Pupils and 20 Leaders
1967 - 180 Pupils and 23 Leaders
1968 - 192 Pupils and 14 Leaders
1969 - 162 Pupils and 19 Leaders
1970 - 150 Pupils and 26 Leaders
1971 - 155 Pupils and 25 Leaders
1972 - 90 Pupils and 20 Leaders
1973 - 168 Pupils and 20 Leaders
1974 - 264 Pupils and 19 Leaders
1975 - 221 Pupils and 14 Leaders
1976 - 320 Pupils and 19 Leaders
1977 - 250 Pupils and 19 Leaders
1978 - 229 Pupils and 21 Leaders
1979 - 220 Pupils and 32 Leaders
1980 - 297 Pupils and 32 Leaders
1981 - 252 Pupils and 26 Leaders
1982 - 315 Pupils and 27 Leaders
1983 - 196 Pupils and 29 Leaders
1984 - 267 Pupils and 29 Leaders
1985 - 246 Pupils and 28 Leaders
1986 - 247 Pupils and 31 Leaders
1987 - 216 Pupils and 57 Leaders
1988 - 219 Pupils and 31 Leaders
1989 - 226 Pupils and 31 Leaders
1990 - 217 Pupils and 24 Leaders
1991 - 168 Pupils and 27 Leaders
1992 - 155 Pupils and 20 Leaders
1993 - 207 Pupils and 26 Leaders
1994 - 315 Pupils and 31 Leaders
1995 - 454 Pupils and 60 Leaders
1996 - 495 Pupils and 61 Leaders
1997 - 279 Pupils and 24 Leaders
1998 - 318 Pupils and 51 Leaders
1999 - 327 Pupils and 48 Leaders
2000 - 337 Pupils and 49 Leaders
2001 - 201 Pupils and 37 Leaders
2002 - 152 Pupils and 12 Leaders
2003 - 178 Pupils and 41 Leaders
2004 - 178 Pupils and 41 Leaders
2005 - 190 Pupils and 31 Leaders
2006 - Report Pending
2007 - 235 Pupils and 25 Leaders
2008 - 110 Pupils and 17 Leaders
Zip Codes Served 1988: 80004 80033 80215 80228 80401 80403 1995: 80033 80215 80226 80228 80401 80403 1996-2001: 80033 80215 80218 80226 80401 2002-2008: 80004 80007 80226 80228 80401 80403 *2002 membership: 2002 church directory lists approximately 1000 members total with 149 unaccounted for; reason for discrepancy unknown *2003 membership: discrepancy from 2002 unaccounted for *2004 membership: discrepancy from 2002 unaccounted for *2005 membership: discrepancy from 2002 unaccounted for *2006 membership: 2006 church directory lists approximately 824 members total with 461 unaccounted for; reason for discrepancy unknown *2007 membership: discrepancy from 2006 unaccounted for
*2008 membership: discrepancy from 2006 unaccounted for *2005 attendance: includes Christmas Eve totals, prohibited by ELCA at least as recently as 2004; reason for use unknown *2006 attendance: 2006 collective church bulletins average approximately 321-332 attending with 1 Sunday unaccounted for; reason for discrepancy unknown *2007 attendance: 2007 collective church bulletins average 337 attending; reason for discrepancy unknown
*2008 attendance: 2008 collective church bulletins average approximately 315 attending with 2 Sundays unaccounted for; reason for discrepancy unknown †1960-1966 members received: generalized accounting in this era requires placing members in "other" category which is not used this way after 1966 †1963-1966 members removed: non-use of Lutheran transfer accounting requires placing members in "other" category which is not used this way before and after †1960 attendance: based on 11 services in an abbreviated church year †1960-1961 other property: parochial reports listed under "church edifice and lot" although no building was yet constructed †1962 capital improvements: cost of improvements as given to area media, not a line item available in parochial report To make corrections or updates, contact Richard J. Gardner. E-mail  historywithoutspam@gardnerhistory.com  or call 303/278-0900